We used a multi-method approach to analyze the spatial patterns of shrubs and cover types (plant species. litter or bare soil) in grassland-shrubland ecotones. This approach allows us to assess how fine-scale spatial heterogeneity of cover types affects the patterns of Cytisus balansae shrub encroachment into mesic mountain grasslands (Catalan Pyrenees. Spain). https://www.inksstops.shop/product-category/eternal-ink-gray-wash/